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Monthly Archives: March 2019
【访谈】2019年3月,《中华读书报》,访杜维明:精神人文主义与民族文化复兴
《中华读书报》2019年征订正在进行,恭请读者朋友到当地邮局订阅。 邮发代号1-201 原创: 张梅 精神人文主义的内涵 张梅:您近年来提出了“精神人文主义”,我理解您所说的“精神人文主义”实际上包含四个向度:一是自我本身的内在关系,即身心灵神的统一;二是个人与他者的关系,即个体与社会的健康互动;三是人类与自然的关系,即整个人类和自然的持久和谐;四是人心和天道的相辅相成,即“天人合一”。近几十年来,人们为振兴人文精神做出了各种努力,大家都在呼唤一种真正的全人类都能接受的人文主义,在我看来,“精神人文主义”的提出可以说是恰逢其时。以您之见,“精神人文主义”能够为重振人文精神、解决人类社会面临的困境作出哪些贡献? 杜维明:这不是说我们强加于人的一种共识,而是大家考虑到要对人做一个全面的理解时,这四个向度都不可分割——你只注重个人而不注重社会是不可能的,过分注重社会和谐而不考虑个人尊严也是不可能的,如果过分强调人类中心主义而对自然环境不能维持,也是不可持续的,另外如果只注意凡俗的世界而对很多宗教传统、精神传统(超越的上帝、安拉这种精神的最高实体)完全不照顾到也是不可行的。它们是四个不可分割的向度,但是中间又有很多交互的关系,所以讲个人严格地说不只是主体性,我认为主体性是与人的自由、人的尊严、人的志向、人对自我的了解都有关系的,但是主体性中间又有互为主体的因素。对于自我的了解,你可以想到将心比心——了解他人也需要同样的要求,讲到个人最高的理念一定是和他人有密切的联系,这样才能逐渐建构起一个以信任为基础而不是完全以契约为基础的社群——家庭就是最好的例子,是自然形成的社群,然后从这个社群逐渐地扩大。
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