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Monthly Archives: May 2000
【文章】《哲学动态》2000年5月,杜维明:儒家人文精神的宗教涵义
文章来源:《哲学动态》2000.05 关于儒家人文精神的宗教涵义,杜维明先生以《论语》为底本,通过自己的切身感 受,以及与西方文明的比较来给出了自己心中的答案,此为杜维明先生为其《论儒学的宗 教性》的中文版写的序言。 (一) 《论语》的“先进”篇有:“季路问事鬼神。子曰:‘未能事人,焉能事鬼?’‘敢问死?’曰: ‘未知生,焉知死?’”这段话常被近代学者所引用而且判定为孔子坚持事人而不事鬼,知生而 不知死的铁证。既然儒家的“创始者”突出人事和生命世界而忽视鬼神与死亡论域,儒家价 值的基本取向便是入世的人生哲学而绝非宗教信仰。 把儒家规定为人生哲学(引申为社会伦理)而非宗教信仰在文化中国的学术界早已形成 共识。提倡充分现代化的胡适,坚守唯物主义原则的张岱年和信仰自由主义的殷海光大概 都接受儒家不是宗教的观点。其实,大陆、港台、东南亚和欧美的汉学家泰半认为把儒家 当作宗教不仅违背事实,而且会降低儒家传统的价值。 严格地说,现代化即有世俗化(“消解魔咒”)的涵义;不论社会主义所揭橥的唯物论或资 本主义所弘扬的自由思潮都有反宗教的一面。这点和塑造西方现代精神的“启蒙心 态”(Enlightenment mentality)有密切的关系。让我举几个简单的例子来说明现代西方反宗 教(特别是基督教)的人文背景
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