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World Philosophy Day is annually observed on the third Thursday of November to honor philosophical reflections around the world. It is a day for people to share thoughts, openly explore and discuss new ideas and inspire public debate or discussion on society’s challenges.
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Monthly Archives: April 2019
2019年4月5日,杜维明:儒家“和而不同”的人文精神
儒学——为己之学 说儒家是一个生命的学问,是身心之学、性命之学,一般没有很大的争议。它一方面讲修身,一方面也讲人和自然、人和天道能否互相感动的问题,可是我想说儒家是“为己之学”——希望能够为自己培养创造自己的人格。儒家传统就是一个学做人的传统,那就是一直在学习做人的过程中展现它的价值。 儒家所理解的“己”就是个人,但他不是一个静态的结构,而是一个动态的过程。他是变化的、发展的,希望能在逐渐的变化发展中,成全和展现自己。所以他不是孤岛,儒家没有发展成一个纯粹的个人主义,而像一条河流。儒家的终极关怀就是如何做人,如何完成自己的人格。儒家所谓的“己”是一个关系网络的中心点,每个人都有他自己的尊严和独立性。这个中心点,如果用现代的话说就是自我认同。一般的理解是,儒家比较注重关系网络,注重人际关系,注重社会性,所以人们常常把儒家当作一种社会文明,但是值得我们注意的是,儒家仍有强调主体性的一面,真正了解儒家,就把个人主体性和社会性的关系网络配合起来,这个中间就有“和”的问题,也有“异”的问题,有调节的问题,也有矛盾冲突的问题。因此儒家是非常现实的,不是空谈。 那么儒家对“己”的期望是什么呢?简单地说,儒家希望每个人不要做一个损人损己的人;不要做一个损人不利己的人;不要做一个损人利己的人;也不要仅仅满足做一个利己也不损人的人。儒家最希望人能做“利己利人”的人。 现在所有要讨论儒家的问题,都应该以一个活生生、具体存在的人作为思考儒家问题的基础。也就是说,我们每个人都是不同的,哪怕是克隆。因为两个一模一样的杜维明坐在一起,我并不是他,两人所处的空间位置不同。这是儒家非常坚持的一个观点,因为不同,每个人都有特殊性,包括族群、性别、年龄、语言、环境,甚至基本价值取向等的不同。 转自:爱思想 链接 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/k4MMxetSbUR5B-ITjLqH9A
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