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Monthly Archives: June 1989
1989年,《读书》,杜维明:继承“五四”,发展儒学
文章来源:《读书》1989 年第 6 期 “儒学第三期发展的前景问题”虽然是近年来在海内外知识界争议性很大的课题,但环绕 着“儒学的现代命运”而对中国传统文化的再生进行反思却是“五四”运动以来中国学术界各大 流派的共同关切。其实,以“儒学第三期的发展”为文化志业的努力在台港新马和北美各地的 中国哲学思想也已进行了三、四十年之久。一般的理解,“当代新儒家”有广狭两义。狭义的 “当代新儒家”,不妨以《中国论坛》(联合报系的知识性杂志)一九八二年在台北召开的以“当 代新儒家”为议题的国际学术讨论会为例,只以熊十力、梁漱溟、唐君毅、徐复观和牟宗三 五位学人的思想为评断的对象。不过,众所周知,即使严格地定义当代新儒家,至少方东美、 钱穆及冯友兰的思想也应列入考虑。广义的“当代新儒家”所指涉的范围旁及学术、知识、文 化和政治各领域,包括的人物就相当多了。可是,五四以来儒学虽然经过三代学人的重建, 目前所争取到的,只不过是“一阳来复”的生存权利而已,因此“儒学第三期发展的前景”仍旧 是个大家争议不休的问题。 一九八八年三月号的《读书》发表了黄克剑针对我《儒学第三期发展的前景问题》而撰 写的鸿文,集中我有关“文化认同”的论点,提出八点质疑。自从八五年春季北京大学忝列教 师之林主讲“儒学哲学”并在中国文化书院作学术报告公开表示要对儒家传统进行“同情了解” 以来,已经在海内外的报章杂志读到好几篇“商榷”的文字。本来很想一一作答,但因为批评 者多半怒气冲冲而我自己也有不易消解的情结,深恐跳不出“剪不断,理还乱”的迷惘,徒增 扰扰而已,结果精神不能凝聚无法动笔。不过,至今我所能见到的对我的观点所作的评介和 抨击都发挥了“直谅多闻”的益友作用;尽管尚未观诸文字,我和这些益友们所进行对话已使 我更清楚地认识到儒学研究的错综复杂和现实涵义。今年春夏之交,应台湾大学的哲学和历 史两系之邀为文史哲的研究生开设了一门以“现代精神与儒家传统”为题的选修课,较系统地 回顾了这几年因探索儒学第三期发展而接触到的课题。黄先生的质疑是深思熟虑后的结论, 饶有理趣,值得详论,但所涉及的范围甚广,不可能一次作答,现仅就其荦荦大端先提三点 意见,作番初步的分疏。
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