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World Philosophy Day is annually observed on the third Thursday of November to honor philosophical reflections around the world. It is a day for people to share thoughts, openly explore and discuss new ideas and inspire public debate or discussion on society’s challenges.
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Monthly Archives: March 2016
2016年3月21日,杜维明:没有理由预设儒家在原则上是反民主的
儒学与人权、民主的议题越来越受到人们的关注,成为国际学术界的热点问题。尽管我并不赞同白鲁恂(Lucian Pye)的如下观点——伊斯兰教的民主尚属可能,而“儒家民主”完全是不可能的,但我很重视他的诠释立场。作为杰出的政治学家,他对我们理解亚洲特别是中国的政治文化做出了重大贡献,他深思熟虑的观点必须被提及。他通过对中国人精神—文化的社会化与政治行为之间关系的分析,认为独裁心态——他视之为儒家学说的典型特征——在中国人的“心灵习性”中根深蒂固,以至于即使有建立亲近民主制度的良好意图,也会不可避免地失败。然而,塞缪尔·亨廷顿(Samuel Huntington)相信,有利的外部条件能使情况有所改观,而且没有理由认为文化不会改变。 值得注意的是,在中国海内外似乎出现了一批声音渐强的学者,在明显没有政府资助或鼓励的情况下,出版了许多论著,探讨西方特别是美国的民主制度和实践与中国的治理方式并不相适宜。他们倾向认为一种不同类型的民主甚至是非民主可能更适合中国国情。罗思文(Henry Rosemont)、安乐哲(Roger Ames),特别是丹尼尔·贝尔(Daniel Bell)等学者做了很多工作,探询“人权”对社会幸福的有效性,以及就这点而言美国的情况。当然,质疑的目标并非人权本身,而是将个人主义作为人权的前提条件的自由主义观点。一个显著的例子,是丹尼尔·贝尔支持“非自由民主”的观点。
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